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<p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 15px 0;">Upper and lower circuits for stocks are price limits imposed by stock exchanges to regulate the price movements of individual stocks within a trading session. These circuit limits are designed to prevent excessive volatility and provide stability to the market.</p>

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<h3 style="color: #ff9800; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0; font-weight: bold;">What is the upper circuit?</h3>
<p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 10px 0;">The upper circuit is the maximum limit or threshold set by the exchange, beyond which the price of a stock cannot rise during a trading session. When a stock reaches the upper circuit, trading in that particular stock is temporarily halted, and no further buy orders can be placed. The upper circuit acts as a control mechanism to prevent speculative buying and price manipulation.</p>
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<h3 style="color: #dc3545; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0; font-weight: bold;">What is the lower circuit?</h3>
<p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 10px 0;">The lower circuit is the minimum limit or threshold set by the exchange, below which the price of a stock cannot fall during a trading session. When a stock reaches the lower circuit, trading in that particular stock is temporarily halted, and no further sell orders can be placed. The lower circuit serves as a safeguard against excessive selling pressure and panic selling.</p>
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<p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 15px 0;">The circuit limits for individual stocks are determined by the stock exchanges and may vary for different stocks. These limits are usually expressed as a percentage above or below the previous day's closing price. The circuit limits can be adjusted or revised by the exchanges based on market conditions and regulatory requirements.</p>

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<h3 style="color: #007bff; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0; font-weight: bold;">For example:</h3>
<p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 10px 0;">Stock A trading at Rs 100 per share today has a 10% circuit. That means that the share price cannot drop by more than 10% and also cannot increase by more than 10% in the trading session. During the day, even if the company declares unexpected results or dividends, the price will only vary between Rs 90 and Rs 110.</p>
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<p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 15px 0;">It's important to note that circuit limits for stocks are put in place to maintain market stability and protect investors from extreme price fluctuations. However, they can also restrict liquidity and limit trading opportunities during periods of high market volatility.</p>
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